With the warming of the global climate, the ice and snow in the Arctic region are melting rapidly, and according to satellite observation data in recent decades, it is found that the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean is shrinking year by year. The reduction rate of sea ice cover area in summer is greater than that of winter ice, and its thickness is decreasing year by year while the area is shrinking. Mastering and understanding the law of sea ice change in the Arctic Ocean is helpful for human beings to better develop, utilize and protect the Arctic Ocean, and at the same time play a positive role in promoting the economic development and military application of human society.